Dharma AI

Specialization is Inevitable: What Optimization Theory, Biology, Markets, and Machine Learning Say

The article argues that specialization of AI systems is not just a preference but an inevitable consequence of limited resources and performance requirements. Arguments are based on the no-free-lunch theorem in optimization, evolutionary biology, competitive markets, and machine learning practice, including examples such as AlphaFold and Mixture-of-Experts.

DeepMind