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Prompt, RAG, or fine-tuning: what actually makes your LLM learn

In this article, Sergey Proshchaev, a Tech Lead in FinTech & E-commerce, compares three approaches to teaching an LLM domain knowledge: prompting with context, RAG, and QLoRA fine-tuning. Using one model (Qwen3-8B) and one GPU (RTX 4090), he tested all three on the same 30 questions. The results show that RAG is best for factual questions, QLoRA excels at format and terminology, but fails on updated data, and prompting is a good starting point but has limitations.

Habr — хаб ИИ04.08 · 11:04
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